The 1909-S VDB Lincoln Wheat Cent is one of the most sought-after coins among numismatists and collectors. It combines scarcity, design, and a compelling backstory to earn its place as an American classic. Understanding the history, identifying marks, and other diagnostics of the 1909-S VDB Wheat Cent is essential for both seasoned collectors and newcomers alike. Let's explore what makes this coin so unique.
A Brief History of the 1909-S VDB Cent
The Lincoln Cent was introduced in 1909 to celebrate the centennial of President Abraham Lincoln’s birth. Designed by Victor David Brenner, this cent was the first U.S. coin to depict an actual person rather than allegorical figures like Lady Liberty. The reverse of Brenner's design featured two wheat stalks and the words “ONE CENT” in the center, which is why the series is known as "Wheat Cents." Brenner’s initials, “V.D.B.,” appeared on the reverse, at the bottom center, between the two stalks of wheat. However, their inclusion caused a public outcry, with critics suggesting that the initials were too prominent and were effectively free marketing for the designer.
Shortly after the coin’s release, the U.S. Mint removed the initials. As a result, only a small number of these "VDB" coins were produced at the San Francisco Mint, creating the 1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent as one of the rarest and most iconic pennies in U.S. numismatics.
Production and Scarcity
The U.S. Mint produced just 484,000 of the 1909-S VDB cents before halting production and removing the initials from subsequent versions. The limited mintage, combined with the popularity of Lincoln and the novel design, made the 1909-S VDB cent an instant collector's item. To this day, it remains one of the most desirable coins in the Wheat Cent series and is typically one of the most valuable when found in higher grades.
Wondering what makes a rare coin valuable? Read more here.
Key Diagnostics of the 1909-S VDB Cent
Because of its value, the 1909-S VDB is one of the most counterfeited U.S. coins. Knowing the diagnostics of an authentic 1909-S VDB cent can help prevent costly mistakes:
1. Mint Mark: There are 3 positions for the “S” mintmark on genuine 1909-S VDB Wheat Cents. The “S” on authentic coins also has a distinctive shape. Counterfeit coins often have a mint mark added to an authentic 1909 VDB (without an "S"), so it’s crucial to study the characteristics of an original mint mark.
2. V.D.B. Initials Placement: The initials “V.D.B.” should be clear and centered between the wheat stalks at the bottom on the reverse of the coin. They should not appear to be hand-engraved or otherwise altered. Under magnification, the initials on authentic coins are sharp and consistent. The center crossbar of the B should be slanted. If straight/horizontal, this is an added VDB.
3. Die Markers: Some authentic 1909-S VDB cents display minor die markers, such as die cracks or specific wear patterns that aren’t typically found on counterfeits. The most well-known diagnostic marker on this coin is a faint vertical die crack running through the “O” in “ONE” on the reverse. Die markers are subtle, so it’s wise to consult images of known genuine coins.
4. Luster and Surface: Authentic coins, especially those in higher grades, tend to display a unique luster due to the Mint's coin-pressing techniques. Many counterfeits are cast and lack this luster. Additionally, the surfaces of genuine coins should show the fine details expected from U.S. Mint strikes.
Grading and Value
The 1909-S VDB Lincoln Cent is graded on the same scale as other U.S. coins, but its rarity gives it a premium. Coins in low grades, such as Good (G4) to Very Good (VG8), often sell for hundreds of dollars. Examples in higher grades, like Extremely Fine (XF) or Mint State (MS), can fetch thousands of dollars.
The finest known examples of the 1909-S VDB, graded in Mint State Red (MS65RD or higher), are highly valued by collectors and investors. These coins have their original red coloration, which has not toned to brown or chocolate hues. A relatively small quantity of 1909-S VDB cents in this grade exist, making them treasures in the numismatic world.
Tips for Collectors
- Authenticate First: Given the high number of counterfeits, buying from a reputable dealer or seeking third-party grading (such as PCGS or NGC) is crucial for authenticity and accurate grading.
- Compare the Diagnostics: Review photographs of known genuine 1909-S VDB cents to compare die markers and other unique features.
- Be Cautious of Alterations: Sometimes, counterfeiters will add a fake “S” mintmark to a regular 1909 VDB. Examining the mintmark under high magnification is essential to spotting such alterations.
Final Thoughts
The 1909-S VDB Wheat Cent holds a special place in American numismatic history, representing a blend of artistic pride, political controversy, and collectability. With its low mintage, high demand, and rich backstory, it remains one of the most celebrated coins among collectors. For those passionate about U.S. coinage, owning a 1909-S VDB cent is not just a goal; it’s a highlight of their collection and a worthy pursuit.
Interested in the VBD Wheat Cent? Contact us for all of your collecting needs.
Phone: 888-409-8344
Email: info@greatsoutherncoins.com
